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PAPER

Signals in the Noise

Most observations are unremarkable. A useful system distinguishes ordinary variation from a pattern that deserves attention.

Synthetic signal emerging from noisy observations

Figure 1. Synthetic data used to test a prominent visual.


Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Noise is often evidence of a system behaving normally. Removing all variation can erase the context needed to recognize the exceptional event.

A signal is meaningful because of its context, not merely because it is unusual.

Immediate view. What happened now?

Historical view. Is this different from what normally happens?

Relational view. Did something else change at the same time?

Stage Question
Observe What happened?
Compare Is it unusual?
Correlate What else changed?
Interpret What might it mean?
Act What should happen next?

Sometimes a single sentence deserves space around it.

The absence of an expected signal can itself be a signal.

That changes monitoring from a search for bad events into a search for meaningful changes in behavior.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. The goal is not perfect visibility. The goal is enough context to make the next decision better than the last one.